WHITE PAPER: EFB and the rise of new technologies

Author: Klaus Olsen, CEO, EFB Admin Services

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Klaus Olsen, CEO, EFB Admin Services considers airline EFB challenges and what will come next

In this article, I’d like to look at the EFB challenges currently facing the airline industry and, at the same time, consider what is coming next for EFBs and the rise of new technologies. But I’ll start by telling you a bit about EFB Admin Services.

EFB ADMIN SERVICES

As the name suggests, our company delivers EFB Administrator services; we also manage various EFB projects for airlines and software suppliers. We have headquarters in Oslo, Norway with offices also in London, Barcelona and in Türkiye.

CHALLENGES FOR EFB USERS

Broadly speaking, there are three constant and current challenges that face EFB projects (figure 1).

Figure 1

Real-time connectivity refers to issues with maintaining reliable and consistent connectivity. Security and compliance are about ensuring data security and meeting regulatory requirements. Integration with airline systems is the familiar challenge of integrating EFBs with other key airline systems like flight management and communications systems.

When I sat down to write this, my first note was about real-time connectivity which reminded me of an article that I wrote for Aircraft IT ten years ago, ‘Norwegian EFB Connectivity’, about the connected EFB. It was surprising to see that connectivity is still a challenge for EFBs. In the early 2010s, a significant milestone was reached with the integration of cellular connectivity within EFBs and this advance enabled real-time data updates including weather information, Notices to Airmen, and other operational data allowing pilots to access updated information during flight. This improvement in situational awareness was a real game changer for flight operations back then.

Despite technological advancements, maintaining consistent EFB (Electronic Flight Bag) connectivity remains a challenge. Reflecting on our journey, about a decade ago, we partnered with a small mobile technology operator in Denmark, VOOPI (pronounced, Whoopee). They offered promising EFB connectivity solutions at reasonable prices. We onboarded them for Norwegian Air’s EFB system, and while the initial connectivity was satisfactory, we faced various challenges that required innovative solutions.

During a strategic discussion with VOOPI’s executives in Denmark, the concept of utilizing multiple operators for connectivity emerged. This led to the creation of multi-SIM technology, which GigSky, famous for its sophisticated redundant cloud based mobile core and co development of the GSMA compliant eSim, patented after acquiring VOOPI. This innovation allows for multiple operator profiles on a single SIM card, enabling the use of various roaming networks within the same country. As a result, users can select their preferred roaming operator based on the country, optimizing connectivity.

The system was highly effective until the COVID-19 pandemic hit, causing a dramatic decline in connectivity due to reduced travel. Unfortunately, the dramatic decline in global traffic meant that during COVID the cost structure of the operator model that GigSky had developed became untenable, setting us back nearly a decade. Fortunately, travel began rebounding 18 months ago so today, GigSky has rebuilt its multi-meshed capability and is diligently working with a breadth of operators to enhance this system beyond its pre-COVID standards. The pandemic caused significant setbacks, but the operator’s commitment to enhancing EFB connectivity remains unwavering.

As we look to future advancements in connectivity, technologies such as 5G and satellite communication will further enhance EFB capabilities. Another provider that I think will play a great part within the EFB industry is the Starlink network. There are already a couple of airlines undertaking pilot studies with them, and the Starlink system promises to revolutionize in-flight connectivity by providing high-speed Internet access across the globe and, with its network of low earth orbit satellites, Starlink can ensure reliable and fast connectivity for crucial systems such as EFB.

However, with all this increased connectivity, comes the need for robust security measures to protect sensitive data from breaches and unauthorized access. Ensuring data integrity and availability will remain a top priority as we continue to advance in this digital age.

CASE STUDIES AND SUCCESS STORIES

I think it will be illustrative to highlight some of EFB Admin Services’ customers’ success stories (figure 2).

Figure 2

Since we are looking at connectivity, I’d first like to mention one of the things that we’ve done together with GigSky.

Tracing a connectivity problem

A common issue in the airline industry is reports of connectivity problems, typically communicated by the Operations Control Center (OCC) or the Flight Operations team. These reports often lack detailed information, making troubleshooting challenging. To address this, we collaborated with GigSky to enhance the feedback process from pilots.

capture and send the GPS location and timestamp of connectivity issues along with issue symptoms. This crucial information significantly aids in troubleshooting by providing a clear picture of where and when the problem occurred. For instance, it helps determine if the aircraft was at a specific gate or a remote parking stand known for poor connectivity. The effectiveness of this app has led to its widespread adoption among airlines, substantially improving the troubleshooting process. It allows maintenance teams to pinpoint issues more accurately and implement targeted solutions.

One of the reasons for focusing on GigSky is that they have built in many tools and capabilities that go way beyond what the traditional mobile operator is capable of. 

GigSky’s commitment to enhancing EFB connectivity and their ability to adapt to the unique needs of airlines make them a top choice for aviation connectivity solutions.

OUTSOURCING EFB ADMINISTRATION

At EFB Admin Services, we understand that the term ‘EFB Administrator’ might cause concern among some readers who hold this role within their airlines. We want to assure you that our goal is not to replace existing EFB administrators but to provide support and enhance operational efficiency. Our services include acting as a designated EFB Administrator for airlines, conducting GAP analyses on current systems, and assisting with various EFB projects. We are here to collaborate with you and improve your EFB processes, not to take over your job (figure 3).

Figure 3

In a case that illustrates this, we had an African Airline that faced a significant challenge when their EFB administrator passed away. They needed comprehensive support to go paperless, to select software providers, establish secure mounts and charging systems, and ensure cybersecurity measures. We stepped in to provide end-to-end solutions, including compliance with the ANAC regulations. We wrote their EFB policy, procedure manuals and user guides. We also established various tasks as well as a secure MDM system and automated ABM to MDM deployment of their EFB applications. Today, we continue to serve as their EFB administrator even though their goal, down the line, is to take over that function themselves.

As I briefly mentioned above, it’s not only airlines that utilize our services. one of the major software suppliers also asked us to verify to new EFB software. They needed expertise in FAA and other regulation authorities; they wanted us to check operational suitability, documentation, GAP analysis with other solutions plus service and support requirements. We conducted an extensive GAP analysis and provided detailed feedback ensuring that their software met all regulatory and operations standards. Our report also highlighted areas for improvement and confirmed the software’s compliance with industry standards.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant loss of skilled personnel across many airlines, resulting in understaffed departments. This is another area where we can provide valuable assistance. For instance, a European airline struggling with device control, software lockdown, connectivity issues, and deployment solutions approached us for help. We assisted them by securing their software within a shell environment, optimizing software and login options, and enhancing connectivity with robust login functionality. We also explored various deployment options, and the airline now relies on our services monthly, utilizing a substantial number of pooled hours.

Additionally, we collaborate with non-commercial airlines. One such organization, referred to us through industry recommendations, sought improvements in their EFB software and setup, along with potential future EFB administrator support. We conducted a GAP analysis of their current setup and compared it with two preferred software suppliers. This analysis will guide their new software selection, and we continue to serve as their independent contractor, prepared to step in as EFB administrators if needed.

These examples demonstrate how our services enhance airline operations, from connectivity solutions to comprehensive EFB management and GAP analysis. Our expertise and support are tailored to meet the specific needs of airlines and operators, ensuring operational excellence.

AI AND ML ENHANCING EFB EFFICIENCY

As part of this article, I also want to delve into the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) on the electronic flight bag ecosystem. These technologies are not just buzzwords, they are set to revolutionize how airlines operate, ensuring greater efficiency, safety and innovation. There are two critical aspects that we should understand about AI (figure 4).

Figure 4

AI is the first tool in history that is able to make decisions independently; all previous tools required human intervention to make decisions which empowered us to use them effectively. Traditional tools and systems, whether used for navigation, communication or computation cannot decide on their own actions or outcomes. AI, however, can make autonomous decisions. For instance, in the context of autonomous systems, AI can determine the best course of action without human input. This capability is unprecedented and represents a significant shift in how we interact with technology today.

Furthermore, I just want to share with you that, just for the sake of it, we use AI generated images for the figures in this article. This is a perfect example of what it will give you (figure 5).

Figure 5

The image shows an amazing aircraft with four wings and heading for a head-on collision with the aircraft from who’s cockpit the image is generated. In short, be careful what you ask for! Also, the text in the image is mixed up an doesn’t make sense which is exactly why I have included it because it shows the pros and the cons of AI.

Also, AI is the first technology in history capable of generating new ideas by itself. While the printing press could disseminate human ideas, it couldn’t create new ones; AI, on the other hand, can generate original concepts and solutions and that is truly revolutionary. It makes AI the first technology that, instead of solely augmenting human capabilities, has the potential to operate independently of human control. The profound implication of this is that AI could, increasingly, assume more control, potentially leaving us with diminished power and understanding of the systems we rely on. As AI continues to evolve, it will be crucial to consider how we manage and integrate this technology to ensure that it enhances rather than diminishes our capabilities.

So, if you imagine an AI powered feature integrated into the EFB that functions like a photographic memory, recording every activity conducted on the device, this could revolutionize flight operations by allowing pilots to easily recall past actions and decisions for instance, if a pilot needs to revisit specific flight data or further information accessed earlier, they can do so effortlessly through natural language queries. This feature enhances situational awareness and decision-making efficiency critical in dynamic flight environments. However, this convenience comes with security considerations. Ensuring that all data is stored locally on the hardware and that you have implemented stringent access controls is paramount (figure 6).

Figure 6

We must prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data, especially if a threat actor gains physical access to the device. This scenario underscores the need for robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard sensitive flight data.

Another thing is the adaptation of cloud-based technology in the aviation sector today. It is expected to grow significantly, driven by digital transformation, increased mobile and internet use and the need for advanced data analysis. Cloud platforms such as Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services and Google Cloud offer scalable and flexible solutions for storing and processing large amounts of flight data. For airlines, this obviously means enhanced capabilities for predictive maintenance, real-time flight monitoring and data-driven decision making. However, again, with this growth comes the need for stringent data security protocols to protect sensitive information from breaches and unauthorized access.

I assume that a lot of readers will know about Microsoft Co-Pilot which is everywhere today and, if you imagine Co-Pilot’s integration into an EFB as an AI assistant, it could streamline numerous tasks from generating pre-flight briefings to compiling post-flight reports and, by accessing and analyzing data from various sources, Co-Pilot could provide pilots with comprehensive insights and recommendations allowing them to focus more on critical flight operations. However, the extensive access that Co-Pilot would have to sensitive data presents significant security challenges. Protecting sensitive data from unauthorized access and ensuring it is not exposed or mishandled is crucial. As AI generated data grows, so does the responsibility to safeguard it effectively.

The same situation can arise with Google; you have the AI-powered search features that could be leveraged into EFBs to provide pilots with real-time information and updates. For instance, it could summarize weather updates, the active NOTAMS and other critical flight information directly within the EFB’s interface. But, again, while this offers considerable advantages in terms of efficiency and accessibility, it also raises concerns about accuracy and reliability. Pilots must be able to trust the information presented to them and any errors or inaccuracies could have serious implications. While the integration of AI and machine learning in EFBs offers numerous benefits, it also presents a lot of challenges.

AI systems storing and processing sensitive flight data must be protected against breaches. Unauthorized access could lead to data theft or manipulation compromising flight safety. Imagine how easy it could be to manipulate those data if you got hold of them and what could potentially be done with that. AI models used in EFBs could be targeted by malicious actors to introduce errors and biases affecting the accuracy of recommendations and decisions. So, dependence on AI for critical flight operations could lead to vulnerabilities, system failures or AI errors. It would be easy to disrupt flight operations, posing safety risks. The extensive data collection and analysis capabilities of AI could lead to privacy issues so it’s essential to ensure that data is used responsibly and in compliance with the regulations.

There are other security risks for EFBs. I have heard of an operator where the GPS service affected their EFBs because it re-set the time and date on the EFBs, invalidating any data that was on the device because it said it was outdated and not valid. Just another example of what can happen with a connected EFB, the downside of being connected while in the air. If you were not connected, you would probably not experience the same issues, but neither would you enjoy the benefits.

CONCLUSION

Through case studies, we’ve seen the significant impact of effective EFB management on operational efficiency, safety, environmental sustainability and cost-effectiveness. Looking ahead, the future of EFB technology is incredibly promising with advancements in AI, machine learning, predictive analytics, augmented reality, and enhanced connectivity. These innovations are set to transform the aviation industry, providing unprecedented capabilities for data-driven decision-making and operational automation. In closing, it’s clear that embracing these emerging technologies is crucial for staying competitive in the rapidly evolving aviation landscape. By integrating advanced EFB solutions, we can enhance compliance, optimize resources, and drive innovation within our airlines.

AI and machine learning hold great potential to transform the EFB ecosystem, enhancing operational efficiency, safety and decision making. However, it’s crucial to address the associated risks and challenges proactively. By implementing robust security measures, ensuring data accuracy and maintaining a vigilant approach to AI integration, we can harness these technologies to elevate the aviation industry to new heights.